01 - Preheat oven to 425°F and line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together flour, baking powder, baking soda, salt, and pepper until well blended.
03 - Add cold butter cubes and cut into flour mixture using a pastry cutter or fingertips until texture resembles coarse crumbs with some pea-sized butter pieces remaining.
04 - Stir in grated Gruyere and chopped sage until evenly distributed throughout flour mixture.
05 - Pour in cold buttermilk and mix gently with a fork just until dough comes together. Avoid overmixing to ensure tender biscuits.
06 - Turn dough onto lightly floured surface and pat into a 1-inch thick rectangle.
07 - Using a floured 2.5-inch biscuit cutter, press straight down without twisting to cut out rounds. Gather scraps and repeat until all dough is used.
08 - Place biscuits on prepared baking sheet 1 inch apart. Brush tops with milk or cream if desired for golden color.
09 - Bake for 14 to 16 minutes until tops are golden brown and biscuits are cooked through.
10 - Cool slightly on baking sheet, then serve warm with salted butter or honey.