01 - Combine blueberries, sugar, water, lemon juice, and lemon zest in a small saucepan. Simmer over medium heat, stirring occasionally, for 5 to 7 minutes until blueberries burst and syrup slightly thickens. Remove from heat and keep warm.
02 - In a large bowl, whisk together flour, sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt until evenly mixed.
03 - In a separate bowl, whisk ricotta, milk, egg yolks, melted butter, lemon zest, lemon juice, and vanilla extract until smooth.
04 - Add the wet ingredients to the dry mixture and stir gently until just combined, maintaining a thick batter consistency.
05 - Beat egg whites in a clean bowl with a hand mixer until stiff peaks form. Gently fold the egg whites into the batter until incorporated without deflating.
06 - Heat a nonstick skillet or griddle over medium heat and lightly grease with butter. Pour 1/4 cup batter per pancake. Cook 2 to 3 minutes until bubbles form and edges set, then flip and cook 1 to 2 minutes until golden and cooked through. Repeat with remaining batter.
07 - Stack pancakes onto plates and spoon warm blueberry syrup over the top. Serve immediately.